Wednesday, December 25, 2019

The Biological Theory And Gender Essay - 1298 Words

This has been a very interesting class and while reviewing for this paper, I realized I will take away more than I originally though in the way of instruction and understanding. When I first started, I assumed gender communication was how male and females communicate. While I still hold to some of my original theory’s regarding gender, many of my views have changed. Additionally, this study as made me aware of what a complicated issue gender is going way beyond the male female sex. In our reading, Wood states (2009) We are born male or female (sex), but we learn to act in masculine and/or feminine ways (gender) (Woods, p. 23). We examined three theoretical approaches to Gender in an effort to understand why we act feminine or masculine. These theories not only provide information, but influence our thoughts and behaviors towards others (Woods, p. 39). The Biological Theory maintains biological characteristics are the bases of gender differences a sub group within this is Sociobiology or the evolutionary theory whose focus is on reproduction to ensure survival. (Woods, p. 40,41). Interpersonal theories include the psychodynamic theory stating it is the first relationship that establishes gender identity, Psychological theory focusing on communication as the key to gender identity, Social learning theory states we learn how to act masculine and feminine from the responses of those around us, with the Cognitive Development theory focuses on gender consistency an d thatShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Biological Factors in the Development of Gender Identity766 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Biological Factors in the Development of Gender Identity The biosocial theory suggests that gender identity develops as a result of the obvious biological differences between boys and girls and the hormonal differences between the sexes which can be observed in the foetus from about six weeks (Durkin, 1995). Supporting evidence has been found through animal studies, such as that by Young, Goy and Phoenix (1964) who gave testosterone to pregnant monkeysRead MoreGender Identity1341 Words   |  6 PagesGender Identity Autumn Messina PSY/340 January 24, 2011 Melynda Marchi Gender Identity The development of our gender identity is influenced by both the biological nature of a person and society, but the biology is the foundation of our gender identity. In the following paragraphs I will be discussing the interaction between hormones and behavior, and how these interactions affect the determination of gender identity, the roles of biological factors nature and environmentalRead MoreGender Development : Biological, Interpersonal, Cultural And Critical1495 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelops a specific gender identity. These theories although very different, only explain a fraction of what gender development truly is. Not one theory can explain the ultimate reason of how one develops gender and what it means to be considered a part of the male or female sex. These different theories that will be compared in this paper complement each other by focusing solely on the interaction in terms of culture and communication within the different sexes. As the theories are discussed , oneRead MoreEssay about Women and Men Are Made, Not Born987 Words   |  4 Pagesof complex social processes. Beauvoir’s statement suggests that gender roles and behaviour are not inherent and that social positioning should not be determined by sex. This essay will begin by drawing a distinction between sex and gender, and will then discuss two arguments that explore the origins of gender difference; social construction theory as implied by Beauvoir’s statement, and the biological determinist position. Gender refers to the socially constructed categories of ‘masculine’ andRead MoreSocial Construction Theory : The Product Of Society And History851 Words   |  4 PagesFall Term Essay 1 Social construction theory explains human behaviour and identities as the product of society and history (Vance 29). This theory is the opposite of biological determinism and essentialism which suggest that genetic, physiological, and biological traits determine human behaviour (Vance 29). As mentioned in lecture (Klement), identities are unique to every person; they are the values, norms, values, and images in society that are combined, constructed, or created. Societal pressuresRead MoreGender Development: Social or Biological1658 Words   |  7 PagesIn a variety of contexts, the word gender is used to describe the masculinity or femininity of words, persons, characteristics, or non-human organisms (Wikipedia, 2006). More specific to psychology, gender role is a term used to describe the normal behavior associated with a given gender status. Those that do not follow this customary role given to their particular gender are said to have an atypical gender role. A person who has no rmal male genitalia and identifies himself as a man will usuallyRead MoreGender Theory Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract Gender Theory The textbook identifies four approaches to gender development: biological, interpersonal, cultural, and critical. Define each theory. Then answer the following question: which of the theoretical approaches to gender do you find the most valid? Be sure to include at least two examples from your own experience as well as two scholarly sources to back up your claim. Gender plays a signifigant roles in our every day lives. Gender determines whetherRead MoreThe Biosocial Explanation Of Gender Development1317 Words   |  6 PagesThe biosocial explanation of gender assumes that gender development focuses on the interaction between biological and social factors. The approach emphasises that both factors are equally important in determining gender. How we react to babies tend to be based on the child’s sex identity. Often our sexual stereotypes do influence how we respond and expect behaviour to occur. Money and Ehrhardt (1972) believed that how an individual is sexually labelled determines how they are raised up, which goesRead MoreFeminism Theory Of The Political, Economic, And Social Equality1137 Words   |  5 Pages Feminism theory according to Merriam-Webster definition is the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes (p.1). There are four major categories of feminist theories- Gender Differences, Gender Inequality, Gender Oppression and Structural Oppression. These theories analyze both women and men’s roles in society, they also question the roles of gender between men and women. This includes how class, race, ethnicity and age are viewed from a feminist perspective. The main reasonRead MoreBiological Determinism And Why Sociologist Have Mounted Such A Powerful Attack1383 Words   |  6 Pagesto look at the concept of biological determinism and why sociologist have mounted such a powerful attack. Due to time constraints and word count, th is essay will focus on gender and race with reference to biological determinism. The term biological determinism it is a theory that looks into a person’s behaviour and also their genetic makeup, it does not take into account any other social factors which surrounds the environment. It argues the fact that the biological factors i.e., genes and genetics

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

The Downfall Of Respect A Character Comparison - 957 Words

â€Å"The Downfall of Respect: A Character Comparison† Respect – is an important positive trait of admiration and acceptance for the abilities and qualities another possesses and portrays that are of high esteem. Nowadays, the idea of respect has being lost because on many opinions and beliefs that are in the interest of oneself. The comparison of two stories â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker and â€Å"Marriage is a Private Affair† by Chinua Achebe showed difference in settings, but similar character traits of how respect has been lost by main characters ‘Dee’ with her mother and sister, and â€Å"Okeke’ with his son. In story â€Å"Marriage is a Private Affair†, Okeke portrayed his disgust and anger towards his son as a sign of his disapproval of his son’s marriage to his wife who was of a different tribe, and in story â€Å"Everyday Use†, Dee portrays selfishness due to her strong literacy and physical physique compared to her mum and sister who were setback in life becau se of unforeseen events in their lives. Okeke was an old man who lived in the rural areas of Africa, whereas his son lived in the cosmopolitan area of the city in Lagos. In Africa, people are segregated by different tributes, which cultures and mindset conflicts. As a result, some tribes show flexibility while others display strict traditional values. The countryside where Okeke lived had strict traditional values where two different tribes could not marry each other, â€Å"†¦when it comes to marriage, its not quite so simple†¦ is notShow MoreRelated Comparing the Tragedies of Hamlet, Oedipus the King, and Death of a Salesman1023 Words   |  5 PagesDeath of a Salesman have strikingly different plots and characters; however, each play shares common elements in its resolution. The events in the plays’ closings derive from a tragic flaw possessed by the protagonist in each play. The downfall of each protagonist is caused by his inability to effectively cope with his tragic flaw. The various similaritie s in the closing of each play include elements of the plot, the reflection of other characters on the misfortune of the tragic hero, and expressionRead More Henrik Isbens A Doll’s House and Frederico Garcias The House of Bernarda Alba1556 Words   |  7 Pagesfemale characters. Although these stories were written in two completely separate eras, they depict similar scenarios. They each reveal a dominant character pitted against a female character who is rebellious to the traditional social order. In A Doll’s House, Torvald is the dominating character manipulating his wife and treating her like a doll. In The House of Bernarda Alba, Bernarda is the dominating figure in charge of bossing her daughters around, and, more importantly causing the downfall of herRead MoreSophocles Antigone: 441-442bc1285 Words   |  6 PagesThe period that Athens’ Sophocles lived in was a time of important changes to the traditional Greek ways of life. The most significant catalyst of change and concern of the period was democracy. From here stems ideas such as the nature, role and respect of and for the gods, and the individual. The drama of Antigone reflects these concerns in the context it was written through various ways. Athens in the middle of the fifth century BC was at the peak of its power. It attracted foreigners, writersRead MoreReligion In Hamlet Essay897 Words   |  4 Pageswould be an act against God, and therefore he cannot act against them due to his moral code. Shakespeare uses this recognition to exemplify Hamlet’s devotion to religion over his personal emotions. This devotion is an important part of Hamlet’s character because it leads him to address religious issues with consideration to consequences throughout the play. However, Hamlet’s foil, Laertes does not show the same cosideration to religion. After warning his sister, Ophelia, to not take part in any sinfulRead MoreExamining Family Relationships in Literature: Examining Antigone, The Odyssey, and The Iliad880 Words   |  4 Pageshuman nature. By studying literary works we can glimpse into human behavior and learn what actually causes a person’s actions and downfalls. Many of these works have sho wn the effects a dominant and inferior relationship may cause, ranging from self-independence to parental influence. We’ve seen the defiance of rulers, the mimicking actions of father and son, the comparison of siblings, and the rebellion of a son. Within the play Antigone, we see a relationship that tests the strength of ones personalRead MoreEssay about Buried Child928 Words   |  4 PagesChoose two characters form Buried Child, compare and contrast them, and say what each say to the contributions to the action to the play†¦ DODGE Vs. VINCE The character is Dodge and Vince I have chosen to look at for a comparison in Buried Child. Dodge is chosen because he seems to be at the centre of many of the reasons why this family is in the state it is in. He acts as catalyst in this dysfunctional family. A good example of this is, is his relationship he has with Halie. He has no respect for herRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Julius Caesar1483 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tragedy of Julius Caesar has catastrophe in more characters than just Caesar. William Shakespeare presented Marcus Brutus in a way that closely followed the example of a tragic hero. Brutus came from noble birth, had a fatal flaw, suffered a great tragedy. Brutus also f its into Shakespeare’s variation of tragic heroes, by giving Brutus complexity, internal conflict, and using choice over fate. Brutus’ ultimate goal is fulfilled by in part by his actions. Brutus thought his cause to be honorableRead MoreThe Tea House By Lao She1646 Words   |  7 PagesShe places the character s lives in different sociohistorical contexts in the hope that they will elicit a sense of direction, which according to him was lacking in modern Chinese history. Lao She sets out three acts. One in 1898, 1917, and 1945 that represented major stages in modern Chinese history from the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, the failure of the Republican revolution, and the downfall of the Nationalist government. The play also consisted of nearly seventy characters who came from differentRead More Essay on Downfall and Denial in Streetcar Named Desire and Glass Menagerie1353 Words   |  6 PagesDownfall and Denial in Streetcar Named Desire and Glass Menagerie   Ã‚  Ã‚   Tennessee Williams allows the main characters in the plays, A Streetcar Named Desire and The Glass Menagerie, to live miserable lives, which they first try to deny and later try to change.   The downfall and denial of the Southern gentlewoman is a common theme in both plays.   The characters, Blanche DuBois from A Streetcar Named Desire and Amanda from The Glass Menagerie are prime examples.   Blanche and Amanda have had, andRead MoreIchabod Crane and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Essay1725 Words   |  7 Pagesprevalent that it clouded his sense of reality and caused his downfall and failure. In â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow†, Ichabod Crane is shown to be an anti-hero through his mere physical description, cowardice and greed, and ultimately destructive imagination, all of which completely contradict the traits that make a true hero. The physical characteristics of Ichabod Crane and those of the â€Å"typical hero† are polar opposite in comparison. The simple image of a hero is one of a solid, burly, masculine

Monday, December 9, 2019

Technological Forecasting Change Internet -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Technological Forecasting Change Internet? Answer: Introduction Technology is continually shaping the human environment. It is important to consider systems such as I.T, database management, the internet among others when we decide to talk about innovation and technology. However, an advancement in technology has given birth to new problems and as such, there is continuous innovation and technological dexterity. The major aspect of concern in this essay is the internet, and specifically, the internet of things The internet of things is a remarkable invention that basically encompasses the internet and the human environment, from manmade to natural. Therefore, a focus on this technology will simplify the human environment. By definition, the internet of things is a revolutionary technology whose aim is to interconnect almost every aspect of the human environment. In this, the technology is aimed at interconnecting things that play a significant part in our lifestyles. on this note, a thing is anything that has the capability of transmitting information through a wireless network into the internet. The very aspect of our existence is about to take an unprecedented turn, in term of connectivity. Therefore, the technology will help human beings monitor everything that is to do with their environment, from the car tire pressure to the cow to the lawn, to the house, basically everything. However, the subject will need to be implanted with some sort of communicable device, having a unique IP address (Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic, Palaniswami, 2013). Currently, this technology has various applications in agriculture, construction management, transportation healthcare, and energy. The interconnectivity of the various atoms of our livelihood enables us to identify a simple problem and put in place the necessary measures to prevent a catastrophe. The roots of the internet of technology can be traced to the various technological improvements such as the internet, wireless communication, and micro-electromechanical system among others. Therefore, the merging of these various technological milestones has enabled us to live as though in a single and simplified space (Miorandi, Sicari, De Pellegrini, Chlamtac, 2012). The convergence was mainly designed to resolve the numerous data input to the internet. Data input has always been done by human beings and as such there are various flaws and setbacks when it comes to this .human beings are prone to error and fatigue because of the relatively simple human nature. If there was a way in which technology could be used to code and distribute each atom of worldwide data, then it was through the design of a very complicated technology whose functioning is machine oriented (Xiaohui, 2011). Therefore, with the technology monitoring every aspect of our livelihood, we would be able to know, i n real time, when something needs repair, disposal, replacing, treatment and whether they have expired or not. Application of the Internet of things To begin with, the technology has been successfully applied in precision agriculture. In this, the technology is integrated with the soil data as well as the moisture content of an agricultural field. Therefore, by ensuring that the farmer has every agricultural data within his grasp, the technology provides a platform where the plants are optimized for productivity. The aspect of precision agriculture mainly revolves around acquiring data in real time and as such, requires very sophisticated software, equipment, and services.Furthermore, the technology requires the fields be designed in such a way that there are sensors which can monitor the soil as well as the environmental conditions. By doing so, the technology ensures efficient utilization of the resources and reduces the impact of agricultural activities on the natural environment. Prior to the development of this technology various computer models were used to control and monitor agriculture but with IOT, monitoring can be done from very simple gadgets such as mobile phones The second application of IoT technology is in construction and management. In this regard, houses and settlements can be designed in such a way that every device and appliance in the house is interconnected and as such, enables the owner to regulate and monitor all the activities. Therefore, the cost of lighting, security, comfort, energy efficiency is enhanced by this technology.Furthermore, the owner can customize the house in such a way that every aspect of the house is as per with his stipulated preferences. All this can be controlled and monitored by devices such as mobile phones etc. The last, but not least, application of this technology is the healthcare sector. The technology is basically known as the internet of medical things (Aztori, lera, Morabito, 2010) and enables a machine to machine communication. In this, the technology enables the caregivers to monitor specified medical conditions and as such, provide a platform for efficient service delivery. Some of the applications include remote patient monitoring, infusion pumps etc. Challenges The technology was first proposed in 1999 but it was not until the year 2005 that it was introduced (Yang, 2013). Thereafter, the generation of smart objects was introduced to the world in form of smart communication, smart sensory applications, supply chain management and smart monitoring of the natural environment. Therefore, this technology can be used to reduce the impact of pollution, mainly attributed to human activities, on the global atmosphere. Considering that the technology is mainly designed to meet the present as well as the future needs of the human population, the IPV6 database storage has been described to have a tremendous storage capacity with the ability to store data of about 100 planets (Sun, Jie, Shan, Chun-xiao, Juan, 2010). It is thus a remarkable improvement of the current database storage systems. However, the advancement in technology will basically bring issues concerned with the privacy as well as the individuality of any data stored in the system. Furthermore, there are various flaws attributed the internet of things and include technology, business, and the society. The technological challenge Basically, the internet of things is a convergence of individual technologies and as such, a simple flaw in one may have unprecedented consequences on the whole structure. However, since the technology functions on connectivity, the challenges may be attributed to the compatibility, security, connectivity, longevity and artificial intelligence. In a nutshell, the three technological aspects that affect the internet of things are security, connectivity, and compatibility (Tang Wang, 2010). To begin with, the security aspect is basically founded on the ability to hack a computer system. As in the recent past, numerous hacking incidences have been reported on fridge, thermostats, cameras etc. Hacking may not be that harmful to any system but because there may be a number of people with ill intention, the system still needs improvement.iIt is a worthwhile note to consider that the internet of things will not only cover the manmade entities, it will also cover our lives and as such, a hack into the heart support system of a hospital may result in grave consequences. Therefore, the node connectivity of the internet of things system needs to be looked at in more detail to prevent hacking. The second aspect that should be considered in the security realm of the internet of things is the connectivity. It is very important to note that the connectivity of the various things to each other is a very important functioning of the system.Basically, this system was established in order to meet the numerous monitoring challenges that have been brought about by the increased ownership of gadgets. Therefore, the ability of the objects to connect to each other is a very important aspect of the design. Currently, the connectivity depends on the server technology but this may not be feasible when there are numerous gadgets to be connected. This is mainly attributed to the fact that these systems cover relatively fewer devices, maybe hundreds or thousands. The internet of things technology will need to cover millions, billions or even trillions on gadgets and as such, there might be connectivity flaws. It has been proposed that the internet of things connectivity devices, basically servers, be decentralized to prevent a bottleneck when there are numerous interchanges of information between devices. However, this might require humongous investments in cloud computing and peer to peer communication. Cloud computing refers to a communication system whereby smart devices such as mobile phones and IOT hubs can take the task of mission-critical operations (Bandyopadhyay Sen, 2011) while the servers can take on the task of managing and disseminating the data. On the other hand, peer-to-peer design refers to a model whereby individual devices are able to identify and verify each other prior to communication. Therefore, the peer-to-peer communication will eliminate the need for intermediate devices because of the capability of transferring data to each other. The final challenge associated with the IoT technology is the compatibility. In this scenario, there are challenges that are associated with the increase in the number of worldwide devices and objects. Therefore, there is a growing concern on the ability of the technology to recognize the different structures and IP addresses. Furthermore, there is an increase in the number of IOT technologies and as such, there may be a differential view in each. The different devices have different firmware and software and therefore the protocols involved in communication may pose a significant challenge in identifying each. On the aspects of the standard technology, the various technologies competing for compatibility may eventually die out but the authentic technology is to remain in operation for longer (Rouse, 2017). The business challenge of IOT technology The ability of the technology to enable communication between different connected gadgets is a very important factor in business operations. Business entities will have the capability to observe the various e-commerce trends, vertical as well as horizontal communication. However, the system must be compatible with all these models for successful operation. Furthermore, these models are always under the microscope with various regulatory bodies monitoring each process. The technology may be classified into three business areas: consumer, commercial and industrial. In this regard, the consumer party basically consists of all consumer gadgets and devices that basically utilize the system. These devices may include vehicles, watches, cars entertainment systems etc. while the commercial part is focused on the different aspects of business operations such as inventories, medical devices etc. Finally, the industrial part of the technology focuses on the gadgets and devices that promote industrial operations. Such devices may include water monitors, robots, pipelines etc. All these devices provide the platform for industrial management and operations and as such, may require a thorough understanding prior to the use of internet on things technology The privacy challenge The privacy challenge arises from the simple fact of transmitting information between various devices and gadgets without an individual monitoring this. Privacy is a matter of concern for each member of the public and as such, monitoring the activities of individuals and transmitting them in real time can be a major breach on the laws that regulate data privacy. As a matter of fact, because the data to be transmitted is stored in a cloud server, any third party with verification may access it and result in unforeseen danger and consequences. An example is a breach on the nuclear data by terrorists. Such a breach may pose a significant danger to the world and as such, data privacy and protection should be a major component of this design. The solution in the data protection scenario is to put in place measures that recognize individuality and privacy. In this regard, each individual should be gifted policies that recognize choice of exposure and distribution. Nonetheless, this should be in line with the innovation and technological backgrounds associated with the technology. Purpose of research The internet on things technology is a remarkable development for the human civilization, however, research has indicated that this system has various flaws, basically associated with the technology and the privacy. As such, any transfer of important information to a third party may prove very costly. On this note, it is important to consider that the technology will be applied to emergency services such as medical and supply delivery. However, the architecture and design of this system are vulnerable to attacks and as such may pose a significant challenge in catering for these services. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to try and investigate all possible measures that can be used to prevent the various flaws described. As with the social, technological, social and privacy problems stated above, the main solutions are described in the configuration of the system. The process of designing a system that is immune to attacks and regulatory impeachment is a very complicated process. More so is the fact that the technology is still underdeveloped and still in the process of being utilized in the current world market. Furthermore, the humongous data that will require interpretation and this may require humongous investments for it to be successful. One major milestone that will put all these challenges to rest is the radio frequency identification technique and other verification technologies (Yun Yuxin, 2010). Furthermore, various proponents of these systems have come up with various configurations of the system that will prevent a possible failure. As with this research, the main objective is to try and identify the impacts of the technology on the very fabric of our livelihoods. In the future, we will be more dependent on technology and as such, there is the need for a very fast solution to the flaws associated with the technology. The research will be founded on various configurations of the internet on things technology with the main focus to try and identify possible and revolutionary tactics that may be used. According to Rouse (2017), the technology is very exciting and feasible, but there are various technical as well as regulatory requirements that need to be addressed in due time, especially by the developing team, to ensure a very successful implementation of the technology into our livelihoods. This is regardless of the fact that the technology has been developed for more than a decade. Another important factor that was considered prior to this research was the applicability of the internet on things technology. As stated above, the technology has been successfully integrated into various fields such as agriculture, medicine, construction, and management, etc. Therefore, the topic needs much focus. Methodology of research Basically, the topic is still underpublicized but there are a number of journals that venture into this topic. As such, my main research will be based on the google search engine with the keyword internet of things. However, this might not provide sufficient data on the topic and therefore a survey will be required to supplement this information. Online surveys will be used to reach the various firms and industries that have integrated this system into their operations. With all the details in order, a good conclusion can be formulated. Expected outcome The project will try to venture into the architecture of the IoT system and as such, provide considerable remedies for some of the problems that face this technology. However, this might just be a platform for more research. Timeline Timeline task Week 1 Selection of research topic and the methodology for research. The topic selected for this research was the internet of things technology. Week 2 Research on the literature available about the internet of things. The literature was mainly obtained through the google search engine with the keyword internet of things Week 3 Conducting oral interviews on the I.T departments of selected institutions Week 4 Conducting online interviews on some of the companies and personalities well conversant with this technology Week 5 Comparison of data from online sources as well as the oral sources Week 6 Visit to an industry that has successfully implemented this technology in its operations Week 7 Compiling the data obtained from the various sources. Week 8 Report writing with the necessary conclusion and recommendation References Aztori, L., Lara, A., Morabito, G. (2010). the internet of things: a survey. bandyopadhyay, d., Sen, J. (2011). Internet of things: application and challenges in technology and standardization. wireless personal communication. Gubbi, J., Buyya, r., Marusic, S., Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of things: A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. future generation computer. Miorandi, D., Sicari, S., De Pellegrini, F., Chlamtac, I. (2012). Internet of things: vision, application and research challenges. Rouse, M. (2017). internet of things(IoT). Retrieved from IoT agenda: internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/internet-of-things-iot Sun, Q.-b., Jie, L., Shan, L., Chun-xiao, F., Juan, S. J. (2010). Internet of things: summarize on concepts, architecture, and key technology problem. journal of Beijing university posts and telecommunication. Tang, l., Wang, N. (2010). Future internet: the internet of things. Advanced computer theory and engineering. Xiaohui, L. (2011). Internet of things and embedded technology. Computer study. Yang, L. (2013). technological forecasting and social change how the internet of things technology enhances e, emergency response operations, 80(9), 1854-1867. Yun, M., Yuxin, B. (2010). research on the architecture and key technology of internet of things technology. Advanced energy engineering.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Nanophase Technologies Marketing Mix

Nanophase Business strategy Nanophase is a company dealing in some of the latest technologies available today. Nanotechnology is being seen as the greatest inventions of the modern day. This being the case, Nanophase is a pioneer commercial enterprise dealing in the new technology.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nanophase Technologies Marketing Mix specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most notable character of the company’s business organization is that it is market oriented. The company is focused on developing technologies which are commercially viable based on nanotechnology. The most important sector offering the largest customer base for the company is the manufacturing sector. It is clear that all business entities are aimed at optimizing the resources available to them. This being the case, Nanophase was established to offer the new technology which has the potential to revolutionize the way manufa cturing processes are conducted. Due to the above described characteristics, the company operates a customer orientation model of business. The most important principle of this business model is that the customer is king. The company has to constantly develop customized technologies to suite the unique requirements of the entire spectrum of customer base. Due to the expansiveness of application of the technology, product development becomes a major component of the company’s business model. New products are continually being developed as a way of expanding the customer base for the company as the new technology is yet to be fully entrenched in the market. However despite the wide application of nanotechnology, the company mainly focuses on products and market opportunities in material science which can be developed within a time frame of 12 to 18 months (Brady, Cronin, 2001, p245). Due to the need to develop confidence among the constantly expanding customer base, the compan y has several unique strategies for introducing the new technology. The most important of these strategies is the provision for experimentation of the technology among customers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This way, customers are able to gauge the effectiveness of the technology in fulfilling their expectations way before fully applying the technology (692). Nanophase has partnered with institutions like Rodel Inc, a global leader in polishing technologies for silicon wafers and semi-conductors. The aim here is to develop global markets while at the same time engaging in a strategic alliance which offers immense value addition to the company’s commercial technology (694). The main advantage of the customer oriented model is that it ensures customer satisfaction and builds customers royalty. It also ensures that the company better understands their customers. Howe ver, the fact that each customer has different specifications means that the company incurs higher costs than in a case where duplication of products is possible. Marketing Strategies Nanophase employs a host o marketing strategies in promoting its technologies. The 4Ps (Price, Product, Promotion and Place) marketing mix are in full application. The price is set at very competitive rates due to the fact that the customer base is mainly composed of business entities whose main aim is cost cutting. There is constant product development to meet the demands of the different customers. The company also employs aggressive promotion campaigns for its operations through the mass media especially the internet. It also engages a host of agents for its distribution network (Marketing mix (Price, Place, Promotion, Product), Para 2-6). However, two more marketing strategies are well applied by the company. These are collaboration as well as relationship marketing. Collaboration in marketing invo lves engaging specialized third parties to propagate the product in the market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nanophase Technologies Marketing Mix specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed the largest proportion of the company’s revenues comes from the licensing arrangements with manufacturers who wish to apply the technologies offered by the company in developing better quality products. Licenses have been issued to manufacturers of products such as ceramics and thermal sprays, conductive and anti-static coatings, environmental and chemical catalysts as well as transparent functional coatings. The company has also significantly employed relationship marketing. This strategy involves the establishment of strategic partnerships geared towards value addition and with the aim offer bigger benefits to the partners. Relationships established by Nanophase have been focused on offering certain solutions to the p roduction processes of the partner and therefore being entitled to the returns derived from the solutions over the life of the partnerships (Relationship Marketing, 2010, par3). A notable relationship under this strategy is that established between the company and Rodel Inc. Through this partnership the company is able to benefit from the already established distribution network as well as productive capacity to drive its business. Nanophase is actually entitled to a portion of the returns got from the use of its technologies by the partner to the exact scale of use. The main advantage of both the collaborative and relationship marketing is that the company is able to use the already developed infrastructure for production as well as distribution to expand its markets.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This way, it can concentrate more on the core function of developing suitable technologies for production processes as opposed to the actual production of final products (Gronroos, 1997, p326). However, the specifications given by the different customers differ hence increasing costs of delivering new technology. In addition, these marketing strategies acutely narrow the company’s customer base presenting additional risks to the company’s operations. Over 85% of the company’s revenues are from a few customers. The risk element arises because should some unforeseen event happen to one of the large customers, the effect on the company’s performance could be significantly high. Nanophase competitiveness The company is fully acknowledged as a market leader in production of nanomaterials. To date, only Nanophase is capable of producing nanoparticles to rigid standards and in substantial quantities for effective application in commerce. This puts the company on the global map as the top company a position which offers competitiveness in the industry. All the potential competitors are yet to unveil commercial production. This means that the company has already made a name in the industry and potential customers will have to first contact the company before considering any competitor. In addition, the company has already developed strategic alliances or partnerships over the years of operation and though it continues to make losses, the customer base continues to get stronger and wider. The fact that it concentrates on establishing partnerships with established companies means that it is largely able to lock out possible competition in the numerous sectors where nanotechnology is applicable. However, there are possible areas which may present opportunities for competitors to come up and compete with the company. First is the possibility that new lower cost materials may be discovered. This would mean that the usefulness of the companyâ€⠄¢s technologies would be drastically reduced hence posing a threat to the company while offering opportunity to rival firms to take up the market. It is however notable that such development is likely to take a long time to occur. In addition, normal business practice emphasizes on risk reduction. This is not limited to the market side of the business but also on the supply side. It is therefore expected that customers being served by Nanophase may wish to acquire new suppliers as a strategy to reduce risks which may originate from having only one supplier for a vital material. However, the extent of such action is largely determined by the reliability of the company in ensuring steady supplies. Management team The success of a management team is mainly determined by the ability of a management to achieve the set goals of the specific business organization. The fact that the management has been able to constantly grow the company’s market is commendable despite the stream of losses made. It is understandable that in the introduction phase it may be plausible to concentrate on expansion as opposed to profitability in a bid to secure a substantial market share to drive future growth. In this sense Nanophase management team was a success. However, the company requires to be put on the profitability track as a substantial market share is available already. The appointment of Joseph E. Cross as a Director and president was a major turnaround for the company. He introduced a bigger sense of business mind in the research focused company. He also developed six major areas for concentration by a more enhanced management team comprised of experienced people in the field of technology and business. This strong management team is clearly able to drive the company’s growth prospects and maintain its position as a global leader. Reference List Brady, M., Cronin, J., 2001. Customer Orientation: Effects on Customer Service Perceptions and Outcome Behaviors. Jo urnal of Service Research, Vol. 3(3), 241-251. Gronroos, C., 1997. Keynote paper: From marketing mix to relationship marketing – towards a paradigm shift in marketing. Management Decision, Vol.35 (4) Page: 322 – 339. Marketing mix (Price, Place, Promotion, Product), 2010. The Times100. Web. Relationship Marketing, 2010. jimnovo.com. Web. This essay on Nanophase Technologies Marketing Mix was written and submitted by user Alanna Ratliff to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

World War One German gULT essays

World War One German gULT essays Few historical areas can have aroused as much debate as that of the origins and causes of WW1. The thousands of documents and eyewitness testimonies collated have allowed historians to construct exceedingly detailed illustrations of what happened in the days, months and years leading to the outbreak of war. Despite having researched, in many cases, identical material, there is no end of disagreement among historians as to who, or what, caused the war. Just some of the more plausible theories include apportioning the blame to Germany; Austria; Russia; Serbia; France; Britain; everybody (collective responsibility); nobody (accidental war) and Capitalism. It is difficult to believe but (perhaps unsurprisingly considering the historical talent involved) each case is stated with such conviction and sense that, in isolation, all appear essentially unquestionable. While some of the theories can be dismissed as fundamentally flawed, a more convincing reason is needed to explain the multitude of conflicting exegeses. The above suggests that, "on the one hand (WW1) was massively over-determined and on the other that no effort to analyse the causal factors involved can ever fully succeed.1" Most previous attempts have failed to procure a satisfactory answer because they have attempted to reduce the various contributing factors to some fundamental cause. This is riddled with problems, but there arises an even greater difficulty; every cause announced has itself got a cause, ad infinitum. Therefore, any effective account, while recognising the multitude of interwoven causes, must pick a cut-off point, where causes stop being causes and start being conditions. 'Long-range factors were part and parcel of the mood and the realities of early twentieth-century Europe. This was the world in which the nations and their leaders had to operate, and the truly significant question is how well they did so.2' I contend that the problem here is one of ambiguity...

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Why Do You Sweat - Evaporative Cooling - The Heat Index

Why Do You Sweat - Evaporative Cooling - The Heat Index Most people know sweating is a process your body uses to cool down. Your body is always trying to maintain an even body temperature. Sweating reduces body heat through a process known as evaporative cooling. Just like getting out of a pool in the summertime, a small wind will be enough movement across your wet skin to create cooling. Try This Simple Experiment Wet the back of your hand.Blow gently across your hand. You should already feel a cooling sensation.Now, blot your hand dry and use the opposite hand to feel the actual temperature of your skin. It will actually be cooler to the touch! During the summer, humidity in certain areas of the world is very high. Some people even refer to the weather as muggy weather. High relative humidity means the air is holding a lot of water. But there is a limit to the amount of water air can hold. Think of it this way...If you have a glass of water and a pitcher, no matter how much water is in the pitcher, you simply cannot make a glass hold more water. Just to be fair, the idea of air holding water can be seen as a common misconception unless you look at the full story on how water vapor and air interact. There is a wonderful explanation of the common misconception with relative humidity from Georgia State University. Relative Humidity is a "Glass Half Full" Going back to the idea of evaporative cooling, if there is nowhere for the water to evaporate to, then it stays on your skin surface. In other words, when the relative humidity is very high, there is only a little room in that glass for more water. If the Heat Index is High in Your Area... When you sweat, the only way you cool down is through evaporation of water from your skin. But if the air is holding too much water already, the sweat stays on your skin and you get little to no relief from the heat. A high Heat Index value shows a small chance of evaporative cooling from the skin. You even feel like it is hotter outside because you cant rid your skin of the excess water. In many areas of the world, that sticky, humid feeling is nothing more than... Your Body Says: Wow, my sweating mechanism is not cooling my body very well because the high temperatures and high relative humidity combine to create less than ideal conditions for the evaporative cooling effects of water from surfaces. You and I say: Wow, it is hot and sticky today. I better get in the shade! Either way you look at it, the Heat Index is designed to keep you safe in the summertime. Keep on alert for all signs of summer heat illnesses and know the danger zones!

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Learning English in Terms of Globalization Essay

Learning English in Terms of Globalization - Essay Example As such, the advantage in this scenario goes to employees or applicants from countries such as the United States or the United Kingdom, who have been utilizing the English language as their primary language since childhood. However, for one originating from a country such as Iran, in which English is generally not used as the lingua franca, this has some implications. For one thing, these English language learners need are prone to experiencing more difficulty in learning the language that is inversely proportional to its relationship with the student’s mother tongue. For instance, whereas German students should find it easy or at the very least manageable to learn to speak English due to its close relationship with the German tongue, their Chinese peers may have more trouble due to their own language being completely different in comparison (McKay and Schaetzel, 2008). Aside from this, the intricacies of their culture may necessitate favoring one approach to teaching them, as can again be seen in how Chinese students were found to derive more benefit from teacher-led lectures as compared to more unorthodox methods of instruction, such as classroom discussion and learning activities (Jin and Cortazzi, 1998). Needless to say, would-be teachers of English to speakers of other languages need to be especially sensitive to the learning styles and preferences of their students. This being the case, this student has come up with a lesson plan, in line with the standards espoused by TESOL.org, which shall be used in an attempt to teach the English language to speakers of other languages. Besides this, the findings of authoritative studies on the subject were also taken into account in order to come up with a more appropriate, comprehensive and effective lesson plan. The Integration of Content and Language The lesson plan adopted a Content-Language integrated approach, which entails unique structuring of one’s day-to-day lessons. For instance, this require s a working knowledge on the teacher’s part of the 6 characteristics that support learning, as well as of the objectives behind such an approach and the nature of language and content input. The teacher also needs to be able to activate the stock knowledge of his students, in part so he can teach them new words in such a way that they will be retained. The guided practice also needs to be conducted, as do appropriate independent practice activities. Last but not least, the learning achieved by students needs to be assessed, both by the teacher as well as the students themselves. Of course, to better understand what the integration of the Content- and Language-based approach entails, one would be wise to first understand the aims and objectives of the individual approaches.  

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Linguistic journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Linguistic journal - Essay Example Among the reasons are rapid mutation of Danish phonology over the last five decades, children’s ability to learn written English enhanced as a result of absorbing spoken Danish during childhood, the fact that modern Danish language is more mumbled than spoken, and omnipresence of English language in Danish advertisements. Noticing all these signs led Raymond to the conclusion, â€Å"The overall picture I got of Danish was of a language in an extreme stage of phonological degeneration, extremely divergent from its written form, and functionally unnecessary to many of its younger speakers† (Raymond). Raymond then talks about how Maltese language has evolved into Maltenglish over the passage of time, and how he suspects that Danish language will soon become an ethno-tribal museum artifact. It is true that English is a very popular language in Denmark. Popular opinion also holds that almost all Danes speak and understand English at least as well as they do Danish. The reasons Raymond has noted for his suspicion about degeneration of the Danish language are indeed quite weighty. When a language rapidly evolves and changes in phonology in a matter of few decades, it is an alarming sign for its degeneration. One reason for the transition from Danish to English language is that both languages are similar in terms of alphabets, and grammar to an extent. An even more important reason for suspecting degeneration of Danish language is that it is spoken, written, and understood by a very small population based in Denmark whereas English is a much more popular and widely spoken, written, and understood language. Danish language is also very complicated compared to English, not in the way that languages are traditionally complicated. Even more than grammar, it is the pronunciatio n of words in the Danish language that makes it so difficult to speak and

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Stative Verb and Action Verb Essay Example for Free

Stative Verb and Action Verb Essay All verbs in English are classified as either stative or action verbs (also referred to as dynamic verbs). Action verbs describe actions we take (things we do) or things that happen. Stative verbs refer to the way things are their appearance, state of being, smell, etc. The most important difference between stative and action verbs is that action verbs can be used in continuous tenses and stative verbs can not be used in continuous tenses. Action Verbs Shes studying math with Tom at the moment. AND She studies math with Tom every Friday. Theyve been working since seven oclock this morning. AND They worked for two hours yesterday afternoon. Well be having a meeting when you arrive. AND We are going to meet next Friday. Stative Verbs The flowers smell lovely. NOT Those flowers are smelling lovely. She heard him speak in Seattle yesterday afternoon. NOT She was hearing him speak in Seattle yesterday afternoon. Theyll love the concert tomorrow evening. NOT Theyll be loving the concert tomorrow evening. Common Stative Verbs There are many more action verbs than stative verbs. Here is a list of some the most common stative verbs: Be , hate, like, love, need, belong, believe, cost, get, impress, know reach, recognize, taste, think, understand You may notice that some of these verbs can be used as action verbs with different meanings. For example, the verb to think can either express an opinion, or the process of considering. In the first case, when think expresses an opinion it is stative: I think she should work harder on her math. She thinks he is a fantastic singer. Think, however, can also express the process of considering something. In this case think is an action verb: Theyre thinking about buying a new house. Shes thinking of joining a health club.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

AP1 :: essays papers

AP1 The short story "A & P," a nineteen year old boy who works in a small grocery store on the East-Coast, called an A & P. He works in the store as a check out clerk until a warm summer day when three girls wearing only wearing their bathing suits came into the store to buy herring snacks and sour cream for one girl's mother. All was going well until--the owner of the store enters and puts down the girls for coming in the store in inappropriate attire. In a pointless heroic move to try and win over the girls; Sammy quits his job to protest the treatment of the girls. This "selfless" act was in vain, for when he left the store hoping the girls would be there waiting for him, they were gone. Updike has painted a perfect picture of what is in the inner mind of a young man--SEX. He does this by the detailed description of each of the three girls and a "heroic" act to save the day. Updikes use of description of the smallest details of the three girls let the reader know where Sam's mind is; right in the gutter. In the first paragraph Sam's thoughts of the first girl he sees, or as he calls her, "Plaid" are nothing but analyzing every curve on her body. As Plaid walks into the store Sammy begins to have a mental description, of oddly enough--her butt, "with a good tan and a sweet board soft-looking can with those two crescents of white just under it, where the sun never seems to hit, at the top of the backs of her legs" (480). Updike takes on this rule as a sex driven nineteen-year-old character very well. Sammy seems to like another quality, "They didn't even have shoes on" (480). This struck me as odd-at least by todays standards. Seeing girls without shoes is an everyday event. The girl that Sammy is most in awe of is "Queenie" the leader of the three girls. Being the leader of the three girls and the most flamboyant may be what attracted Sammy to her; "what got me, the straps were down†¦off her shoulders looped loose around the cool tops of her arms" (481). Sam's only desire was simply sex and this blinded his judgment.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Direct and Indirect Cash Flow Essay

(According to â€Å"According to â€Å"What Is The Difference Between The Direct Method And The Indirect Method For The Statement Of Cash Flows?† (2004-2014),) â€Å"The main difference between the direct method and the indirect method involves the cash flows from operating activities, the first section of the statement of cash flows. (There is no difference in the cash flows reported in the investing and financing activities sections.) Under the direct method, the cash flows from operating activities will include the amounts for lines such as cash from customers and cash paid to suppliers. In contrast, the indirect method will show net income followed by the adjustments needed to convert the total net income to the cash amount from operating activities. The direct method must also provide a reconciliation of net income to the cash provided by operating activities. This is done automatically under the indirect method. Nearly all corporations prepare the statement of cash flows using the indirect method.† The reason for financial accounting standards board allows both methods are simple. Both statements of cash flow preparation methods are allowable under basic accounting standards. â€Å"The Financial Accounting Standards Board, however, prefers the direct method for the statement of cash flows. FASB prefers the method because business stakeholders find the statement easier to read than the indirect statement of cash flows. Companies prefer the indirect method as it is easier to prepare since the financial information is already at hand. Companies can include disclosures with either the direct or indirect statement of cash flows. These disclosures can detail any non-cash financing and investing activities. FASB often requires disclosures with the statement of cash flows. Companies can prepare a secondary statement noting any significant non-cash activities for stakeholders† (â€Å"Direct Vs. Indirect Cash Flow Method†, 1999-2014). References What is the difference between the direct method and the indirect method for the statement of cash flows? (2004-2014). Retrieved from http://www.accountingcoach.com Direct vs. Indirect Cash Flow Method. (1999-2014). Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Logistics

Case Study report of DHL Abstract The rapid development of global commerce has drove logistics to reduce products lifecycles, increase response and action efficiency and optimize investments of inventory for current businesses. Therefore, logistics plays a pivotal role in nowadays commerce. The objective of the report is to discuss and evaluate the existing logistics theories. Whereas, DHL will be selected as a case study so as to get a further understanding on logistics according to the analysis result. IntroductionAs with the growing complexity of transporting goods and supplying materials for a business in world’s supply chain, expertise that developed to deal with this kind of problem is imperative so logistics. The concept of logistics is not specific, the world’s formal definition is ‘Logistics is the management science of supply chain and the art of controlling and managing any kinds of resources flow like products, information, petrol and even people betwe en the origin point and the consumption terminal so as to satisfy clients’ demand’.Logistics is in relation to the process of moving the right products and services at the right quality to the right place at the right time with right prices. It is said to be the essential part of any marketing or manufacturing activities. Logistics involves Literature Review Since the value of time becomes more and more important in today’s global commerce, transportation speed and delivery reliability are necessary for companies to compete emulously in business operations which drives logistics industry to improve service standard.In 1996, Kostecki pointed that conscientious in accordance with service determine logistics companies’ emulously advantage and success. To that content, an important part to be integrated into time management for logistics industry is operating business with clients effectively and innovating more efficiency operation skills with clients. This is important because any inefficiencies and irregularities in operating with customers that happened in different regions can affect the commerce environment significantly for logistics companies argued by Ahanori and Nachum in the year 2000.They said that the current development trend in logistics industry is just in time supply, e-commerce and growing globalization management. In 1998, Altabet predicted that logistics theory would be updated into supply chain management. The impact of effective forecast in the process of supply chain management on a company is significant. Kiely states that it will result in inventory investment reduction, customer satisfactory improvement and product distribution efficiency enhancement. Generally speaking, forecasting eliminates companies’ worry about excess inventory investment so as to increase the efficiency when operates with customers.Another important managerial skill for commerce is the cost management theory. Degraeve and Roodhooft point that over half of entire costs is accounted from external goods and services parchment. In order to hold a competitive position in the logistics market, companies should develop a more dependable and lower cost supply chain while assure high service quality for customers. Some suggests that company can increase the cost management reliability via computer technology. With the increasing importance of globalization transaction, contracts act essential role in international trade.On account of companies always being confronted with the situation of accomplishing orders with deadline and quotas, some suggest a management approach of Vendor management inventory to handle the problem (Waller, 1999). The management project help companies distribute the requirement materials more flexible and offer the possibility of cost reduction and efficiency improvement at the same time. Objectives With the purpose of understanding logistics theory in accordance with practical application and t o see how enterprises apply logistics theory to enhance efficiency and reduce cost . tc. DHL, the global leading logistics player is selected for a case study about its logistics operations in this report. Logistics operation of DHL DHL is the leader of global express, international transportation and air freight. It is the world’s NO. 1 shipping contract logistics provider. DHL offers customers a full range of logistics solutions from documents to supply chain management. As the global biggest logistics expert, DHL is a strong logistics partner for its clients that can offer any kind of freight transportation via water, railway, road and air. It can supply either pecial or shared operations of warehousing and distribution to any kind of industry sectors. On account of DHL is entirely service oriented, it involves no material movement itself but that for clients both consigner and consignee and the intermediaries as well. It just includes physical distribution and procurement . While, procurement involves in packaging materials like paper, plastic and boxes etc. the process is as follows. The first step is to weight and check for condition of the products and materials that collected from the consigners and then pack them according to their various characteristics.After that, products or services will be sent along to their destinations. DHL facilitate service performance via effective forecasting. It means the estimation of time required for both collecting wares from the consigner and that arriving to the final client. The crucial point of DHL’s entire business is timely delivery. The delivery documentation and process will be coordinated based on the approachability and distance to the final consignee. DHL can measure the time that it will cost for the goods to arrive to its end-point precisely.DHL provides customers Web Shipping services that allocate a certain user name and password for each client which allows goods sender and receiver to tr ack goods status via online information center. DHL has won the reputation for its continuous development on supply chain solutions innovation that improves control. It supplies for customers reverse logistics management solutions that enable client design, accomplish and conduct materials flow and regulate corresponding information, support of the supply chain to resize values and guarantee safe-handling of products.It involves receiving, ordering, controlling and conducting returned goods. In addition, DHL offers service for manufactures of service and replacement. It enable customer receive and send manufactures’ replacement parts in terms of pre-designed service such as with a certain deadline. What’s more, DHL offers some services other than physical logistics services such as order management, global inventory management, freight solutions, and customs solutions. The following three figures show the flow process of DHL. Figure [ 1 ] Process Map of DHL Figure [ 2 ] internal process map of DHL Figure [ 3 ] external process map of DHLFive objectives analysis of DHL’s operation Quality DHL has a process of performance measurement so as to supervise the daily working process and understand customers’ voice. The company applies DePict project management approach to track every project in order to ensure their service quality. Furthermore, most units in the management system of DHL are in accordance with the system ISO 9000 which is the global quality controlling standard. Hence, DHL always keeps a high level service quality. Speed DHL provides its client’s specialized solutions so as to ensure a faster response speed to the changing marketplace.For its different kind of customers such as automotive, retail and fashion, DHL offers each of them unique logistics solutions so as to enable a lower response time to the market. Dependability DHL is a leading player in many fields of the logistics market; it operates business in abou t 220 countries and employs more than 31000 people. In addition, it has the world’s largest aircraft fleet and a huge number of ships and vehicles. Moreover, it conducts business with advanced management methodologies and performance measurement. All of these resources ensure DHL an unrivalled ability to accomplish any kinds of logistics services perfectly.Flexibility DHL involves in many parts of logistics market and has strong enough ability in each field. It can offer many kinds of logistics service via different routes. Otherwise, DHL can provide customizing logistics or supply chain solutions to meet their specific demand. Cost As a leader in many of logistics market, the bargaining power of DHL is much higher than most of its competitors which therefore will bring some advantages for DHL. However, for there are lots of companies that can provide similar service or products it may lose the price advantage in some egment market. SWOT analysis of DHL’s operation Str ength The biggest strength for DHL is its leader position in logistics field. It is the dominator in the area of freight transportation through air and ocean. DHL’s business covers a larger area of the world; it provides services for over 220 countries. The leading position enable DHL enhance its economy scale and the power of setting price. Secondly, DHL’s diversified business model enable the company to reduce the risks in business activities and discover new opportunities in emerging and existing marketplaces.DHL devotes itself to the division of mail, supply chain, freight transportation and express. In addition, DHL has the highest employee productivity based on the data from Datamonitor. What’s more, the DHL owns a large airplane fleet that can provide great transportation ability and a long-term emission reduction GOGREEN program which makes DHL as the first mover in this area. Weakness According to the data collected by Datamonitor, DHL has encountered a problem of decline in its cash flow which results from low efficient cost management.This will reduce its resources availability when it is in pursuit of growing plans. Another problem is due to its huge airplane fleet. As with the rapid climate changing, enterprises are required to undertake their social responsibility for the environment. Large number of aircraft implies lots of emission. Although DHL is trying to apply approaches to reduce aircraft emission such as using higher quality fuel and optimal flight line, reductions on emissions will be still minimal due to the limitations in nowadays aeromechanics implies that airplane efficiency cannot be improve a lot in this aspect.What’s more, as a forerunner in the area of making effort to reduce emission, DHL will also get the advantage in compliance with new environmental regulations in the future. Opportunities As with the rapid development of e-commerce, online shopping nowadays grows with a steady high speed year by y ear. Most of consumers will move their shopping habitat from retail to online. Thus deliveries will increase significantly with the step of online sales which will promote the growth of DHL’s business.Moreover, consumers nowadays require more environmental friendly products and services which result in a growing demand from enterprises to get greener logistics services, higher efficiency transportation and low carbon offerings. The GOGREEN policy of DHL will meet the demand of such companies and the continuation development of this kind of services will help DHL get a good hand in competence with others. Threats DHL currently is in the situation of facing fierce competition in logistics business. The scattered global logistics market brings intense competition to DHL.These may result in negative effects on the company that potentially will decrease its growth and profits. What’s more, it is said that logistics industry produces a big percent of global emission which le ad to governments from all over world aim to reduce the pollution contribution from this market. As a multi-national enterprise DHL always faces the pressure across from governments and NGOs as well. It may affects DHL’s reputation since people nowadays consider more and more about a company’s social responsibility. Conclusions and Recommendations To conclude, logistics is very important for nowadays global intense competitive marketplace.As is known to all, logistics is an essential part of any companies function. A good logistical operation can enable a company cut the production cost and enhance the efficiency. In this report, DHL was selected as a case study to help analysis logistics theory. DHL owns the biggest logistics network all over the world. It provides any kind of freight transportation via multiple approaches. DHL conducts its great range of logistics activities and solutions for clients across almost 220 countries. It is dedicated to provide customers b etter performance and low-cost service in today’s highly competitively market.In order to get the victory in the competition, DHL should set a reasonable price, provide a faster and larger amount of scheduled service, improve the function of tracking goods, enlarge the business geographic area, enhance its dependability and innovate new service for customers. In addition, DHL should make more efforts on emission reduction. The performance management and GOGREEN program may help DHL to accomplish this target. In a word, the art of logistics is essential to every organization while DHL has shown its great management and operations to enable a leading position in the world’s market.References 1. Ahanori, Y & Nachum, L 2000,  Globalization of Services: Some Implications for Theory and  Routledg: London 2. Degraeve, Z & Roodhooft, F 1999, â€Å"Effectively selecting suppliers using total Cost of Ownership†,  The Journal of Supply Chain Management, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 5-10. 3. Kiely, D 1999, â€Å"Synchronizing supply chain operations with consumer demand Using customer data†,  The Journal of Business Forecasting Methods & Systems, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 3-9. 4. Kostecki, M 1996, â€Å"Waiting Line as a Marketing Issues†,  European Management Journal, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 295-303. Logistics Logistics process Definition of logistics Logistics is a function that is flexible and changes according to the various constraints and demands imposed upon it. Logistics is – Supply + Materials Management + Distribution and logistics is basically the overall management of distributions and supply. There are many different transport methods including- * Air- This is used to deliver goods fast and also internationally. * Water- This can be used to transport goods slower. Sometimes unreliable. * Road- This is to be used nationally, and used by the most ranges of business. This is the most popular way of transportation. Rail- This is the quicker way of transporting goods. Royal Mail use rail to transport goods to their regional offices. * Container- Containers are used to deliver goods simply because they don’t need as much security and also cost less in transport, meaning more profits. When we compare different retailers, we have to take into consideration: * The amount o f stores that the retailer has. * Where the location of the stores are * The supply chain. For example: Tesco has over 7500 stores in the UK, which includes a mixture of high street, out of town and local stores.They have a wide supply chain which stretches globally as they try to source the cheapest products to sell in their supermarkets. Independent stores may have only a few stores at the most (for example Merrie England). The location of the stores are on the high street and in town centres and the supply chain will only reach nationally. Small retailer – Small retailers usually use wagons to transport from manufacturer to retailers, and mostly use wholesalers. These are more likely to have less suppliers to work with then larger retailers because of the size of the stores.Multinational retailer: the retailer buys it direct from the multinational manufacturers and then supplies to the customers, normally using wagons from the distribution centres. Relationship with suppli ers All retailers, whether they are small or large, have to have a relationship with their suppliers. This is so they can get the best products at the best price and can also introduce new products. By having a good relationship with the suppliers, they know if they are getting the best deal and can also have a good payment plan, whilst also having good interactions by using electronics.Product search * Logistics * Electronic data interchange * Supply chain integration * Ordering and payment * Invoice orders The supply chain for a large and small business is more or less the same- especially the logistics and distribution stage. However, larger businesses have to have warehousing to store all of their surplus stock, or to store and to distribute to all of their stores. Examples of this can be supermarket warehouses, which take all of the bulk stock and then separate them into store deliveries, then use their wagons for store deliveries.This not only saves the business time but is al so cost effective as the larger the order, the cheaper the product should be for the supermarket. This means that the stock that supermarkets and other larger businesses take will be cheaper than smaller businesses. Stock Management By having management on how much stock needs distributing to independent stores, they can reduce waste, and overall, saves the business time and money by putting them into the correct stores. It also keeps customers happy, because if the stock is to hand, then customers won’t complain and/or go to other competitors. Warehousing/Stock RoomsLarger Retailers will have lots of different warehouses to meet the customer needs and to also deliver to different stores across the country. By warehousing and storing the products in a safe, cool and dry place, it will keep the products fresh (if they are food/drink items), or safe and without the risk of overheating/getting water damage to the products. By keeping the products in these conditions, they will b e stay in perfect condition until you need them. Internationally Small Independents won’t need to distribute internationally, so won’t need to use rail or air transportation methods to deliver their stocks.Also, because of how small they are, they are also less likely to need to source their items from abroad aswell, unless they are a business that relies on international sourcing. However, larger retailers have to rely on sourcing from other countries, especially supermarkets that have to get their fresh foods (including fruit and vegetables) from other countries. This means that they have to rely on air travel to bring in their items. They also have to rely on fast transport methods, such as containers and wagons to deliver their items to the distribution centres before delivering it to local independent stores.Use of Electronics Smaller Independent shops won’t need to rely on electronics as much as the larger retailers, because of how big their stores are and how they get their stock. Small independent stores will normally get their stock from cash and carry’s so will normally use man power to get their items. However, larger stores will have to constantly source their items from different retailers, and have to rely on electronics to order items from the distribution areas. This means that if any problems occur with the electronics surrounding the business, they could have problems with orders and could therefore run out of products.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Rabbit proof fence writing task Essay Example

Rabbit proof fence writing task Essay Example Rabbit proof fence writing task Essay Rabbit proof fence writing task Essay 1) The fence is designed for keeping farmers on one side and the aboriginal people on the other side. The fence is a symbol for racial separation and the movie is called Rabbit Proof Fence because its very important for directions and guidance back to Jigalong, and also because the tracker and the police uses it for their own purposes, but luckily Daisy and Molly travels along the wrong fence in the beginning of their quest for meeting back up with their mom. 2) I thought of the Jigalong depot as a train station, with a gocart track in the backyard, Just without gocarts and a track to drive on. It was also kind of groom and dark place, only two men sitting there all day long handing out food and supplies for the local natives, and helping out the Protector if they had to. I think of the place as a working area, dead almost all hours of the day, all year, much like Lysaker. 3) When the police offiser arrives at first, the music is silent, and the tension is only like a weak breeze, but when you see the faces of the mothers and how scared they look, the feelings starts to flow. The police offiser drives faster than they can run, and stop in front of them. The kids scream as their lives are about to end very suddenly. And it was very touching when the old lady would try to hit the officer with a stick. But I have to admit that when all the kids are taken into the car, and the three women run after the car and falls down synchronized, I laughted a little bit though. I didnt really listen to the music that much, but it was probably moving. 4a) I imagine the oldest one, Molly to be frustrated and angry, Gracie to be shocked, and a little distant and Daisy to be quite confused and longing after her mother. ) I do believe that some of the weaker children maybe, or dumber would accept their fate, and see their cause for freedom as useless. They would most likely think that doom will soon come, or maybe something or someone rescues them from their agony and suffering. Those who wanted to escape had a cause for escaping, like the first girl who wanted to see her boyfriend again, but happened in the 800b. But Molly and the girls could not take their minds off their mom and family. The reason their escape was successful was because Molly was clever and told them to leave when the rain came, so the tracks would disappear and finding them would be hard for The Tracker. 5) I do believe he would have found the irls quite early, but when I saw the Protector reject his question for freedom for both he and his daughter, I knew he would turn on them and pretend he couldnt find the girls. He felt that he had lost the battle for his daughter. I did feel sorry for him. 6) Mr. Neville I was the girl you called a half caste and had thrown into a wall- less prison with my cousin and sister. 30 years have gone by, and the memories of the foul facility I was in still hurts me in my sleep. The way you treated our great people was disgusting. Herding third world races like we were some kind of animals. It Just makes me sick. I am glad to tell you that I have gotten myself a Job as a secretary at a local brewing company up in Broome. Trying to terminate a whole race of people makes you a sad man. The goverment should have thrown you into a prison instead of Aboriginals. Shame on you for your work and your presence in this world. Molly Craig. as it was. It was much like a german concentration camp without work. Missionary work is forcing other people into their own religion and makes their work bad. 8) When first captain Cook arrived in Australia, not long from Sidney, the Aboriginals were often friendly people and wouldnt harm the newcomers. But when more and more Europeans came and settled down in their new life in a new world, they needed land. And much like the Americans, they carried diseases and weapons. They killed and raped, plundered land and the few valuable things they had, and also gave them diseases that were new to the indigenous people. The whites killed thousands and thousands, and on top of that, diseases killed even more. And as soon almost all the land was taken, they were put in camps all around Australia, and given rations they needed. If the aboriginals would refuse to give up their land, they would be killed on he spot by the modern guns the British had. Aboriginals were often friendly people, and they lived in small tribes spread around Australia, and they were very spiritual. They would often perform spirituals with the whole tribe, and connect with animals and ancestors. They were very happy until the day of doom. The new settlers. Today there is about 70 000 aboriginals in Australia, and few of them live like their grandfathers would. Aboriginal art is popular, along with the well known digeridoo. As late as 2008, the Australian goverment would give an official apologize to the whole Aborginial people.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Organic Compound Names and Formulas Starting with E

Organic Compound Names and Formulas Starting with E This is a list of organic compound names and formulas with names starting with the letter E. Eburnamenine - C19H22N2Ecstasy (MDMA or Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) - C11H15NO2EDTA (Ethylenediamine-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid) - C10H16N2O8Eicosane - C20H42Emetan- C25H32N2Encainide - C22H28N2O2Endosulfan - C9H6Cl6O3SEndrin - C12H8Cl6OEosin B - C20H8Br2N2O9Eosin Y - C20H8Br4O5Ephedrine - C10H15NOEpibromohydrin - C3H5BrOEpinephrine (Adrenaline) - C9H13NO3Ergoline - C14H16NErgotaman - C25H33N5OErgotamine - C33H35N5O5Erucic acid - C22H42OErythrinan - C16H21NErythritol - C4H10O4Esarine - C15H21N3O2Estradiol (estrogen) - C18H24O2Estriol (estrogen) - C18H24O3Estrone (estrogen) - C18H22O2Ethacridine lactate - C18H21N3O4Ethanal (Acetaldehyde) - C2H4OEthane - C2H6Ethane (ball and stick) - C2H6ethane (space-filling model) - C2H6Ethanedioic acid (oxalic acid) - C2H2O41,2-Ethanedithiol - C2H6S2Ethaneperoxoic acid - C2H4O3Ethanoic Acid (Acetic Acid) - C2H4O2Ethanol - C2H6OEthanol (space filling model) - C2H6OEthene - C2H4Ethene (ball and stick model) - C2H4Ethenone - C2H2OEthidium bromide - C2 1H20BrN3Ethyl acetate - C4H8O2Ethyl alcohol - C2H6OEthyl aldehyde - C2H4OEthenyl functional group - C2H3-Ethylamine - C2H7NEthyl 4-aminobenzoate (Benzocaine) - C9H11NO2Ethylbenzene - C8H10Ethyl carbamate - C3H7O2Ethyl chloride - C2H5ClEthylene - C2H4Ethylene dichloride (EDC) - C2H4Cl2Ethylene oxide - C2H4OEthyl formate - C3H6O2Ethyl functional group - C2H5Ethylene glycol - C2H6O2Ethyl glyoxylate - C4H6O32-Ethyl-1-hexanol - C8H18OEthyl hydride - C2H6Ethyl hydride (space-filling model) - C2H6ethyl mandelateEthyl 3-oxohexanoate - C8H14O3Ethyl propiolate - C5H6O2ethyne - C2H2Ethynol - C2H2OEtorphine - C25H33NO4Eugenol - C10H12O2

Sunday, November 3, 2019

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT CAPSTONE Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT CAPSTONE - Research Paper Example will also involve ensuring that cameras at all levels of production showcase exceptional design and are easily accessible, while the level of awareness about these attributes will need to equally high. These attributes call for balance between developing employees’ R&D competency, increment of unit sales hence expansion capacity, as the company generates higher demand with time, and according employees compensation that is above average. The first step in the labor strategy will involve training individuals that are better equipped in production and sale of digital cameras than potent competitors in the industry. This will play a significant role in ensuring that Advanced Camera has significant competitive advantage over other camera providers. Such human resource-dependent competitive advantage should not be overlooked, since unlike other company advantages that can be replicated elsewhere, unique skills and characteristics of employees are difficult to imitate. Further, a properly trained production workforce will generate higher quality cameras than one that is untrained hence unskilled. In the first year, the company will primarily focus on training extant portable appliance testing (PAT) members. This will happen for two years in a row, thus keeping the money used for quarterly productivity improvement and PAT training constant at $1,000. In the third year, the company will hire 20 new PATs, with the intention of raising the number of units assembled during overtime (OT) to 80 per member. In the subsequent quarter, that is, during year four, Advanced Camera will strive to maintain about 30 PATs, while increasing units assembled at OT by 20 cameras per PAT member. The company intends to maintain this number of PATs even in the fifth year, in order to sustain first shift and overtime PATs, without having to outsource labor (Dess, Lumpkin, & Eisner, 2006). Through this strategy, the company will be able to raise basic wage per PAT member by about 2% from the

Thursday, October 31, 2019

U.S. Federal Reserve System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

U.S. Federal Reserve System - Research Paper Example Moreover, the system is operating in United States to provide exchange benefits among different regions, to control the money supply and demand fluctuations, to control arising systematic risks in financial market, to fulfill liquidity needs and to manage and supervise banking institutions (News Events, 2009). However, its primary aim is to strengthen country’s economy by taking various active measures. The perfect monitory policies, measures taken to achieve national economic goals will lead to successful economic growth. Moreover, it requires different tools such as discount rate and open market operations in order to influence reserves of private financial institutes. It works as a government’s body and it is associated with several functions. First, it serves as a bank for bank, it involves in various transaction of banks. Whereas, financial institutions borrows money in case of shortage of money. Secondly, it works as a regulatory in buying and selling of securities in an open market and as a government’s bank, it issues U.S currency. Thirdly, as a regulatory agency, it monitors that the rights of consumers are protected, and ensures that things run smoothly in banks. However, the current economic policy is focusing on unemployment and does not include plans to r aise interest rates (Plossers, pp. 1-3). Moreover, the current monetary policy is not working well the decline of dollar is problematic for businesses. Due to the fact, investments are drastically decline whereas; foreign investments are speaking out and divesting (Philadelphia, pp. 2). According to personal opinion, I agree, because Federal Reserve System has extended its lending programs and open market operations by enlarging reserve securities, agency debts, mortgages, and by increasing maturity transformation on balance sheet. Therefore, monitory policies affect economic activities badly. Federal Reserve System focuses on unemployment which is also a major factor but high interest

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

E-Procurement Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

E-Procurement - Literature review Example Usual methods of procurement have lots of paper work processing, which requires a huge amount of money and time. E-procurement has reduced this work largely. E-procurement is a chief element of B2B ecommerce and it can be used in markets and industries in wide range. Business organizations buy many products of diverse varieties, ranging from paper clips to computer systems and from steel to equipments. They buy raw material inputs, which directly go in manufacturing process and the raw materials that need some repairing and maintenance before going into manufacturing process. There are thousands of other items purchased by an organization and keeping their receipts in record is very necessary for organizations to maintain professionalism. The main driver of e-procurement is cost-reduction attained from competencies resulting in less staff time spent in looking for and ordering products and integrating deliveries with invoices. Savings also take place with automatic corroboration of p re approved expenditure budgets for individuals or organizations leading to less time necessary for processing each order (Turban, pp.251-252, 2010). Automatic ordering, delivery, confirmations, payment, and inventory information diminish paper work, costs of paper-based ordering forms, storage space for credentials, records, and better information management. Indirect benefits of e-procurement include a shorter cycle time between order and use of supplies, greater suppleness in ordering products from different suppliers, amplified buyer productivity, and lower prices through product standardization and union of buyers (Havaldar, pp.379-382, 2010). Benefits to buyers of e-procurement include gain from improved pricing of goods and services, cost savings in the running of procurement processes, merger of buyer's sub entities into a single buying unit, and minimized costs through purchasing aggregation for some items. Other intangible benefits include enhancement in operations support , employee efficiency, evident purchasing behavior of business partners and supplier performance. Decline in procurement-to-pay cycle time and costs associated with outsourcing procurement and it helps maintaining smooth procurement operations. It also causes huge savings in invoice, finance, goods insurance, and delivery (Gay, Charlesworth & Esen, pp.474-475, 2007). Conversely, suppliers benefit from lower managerial costs, use of standard online catalogues that can be quickly updated with new product information, more effectual targeting, and access to a wider range of buyers (Babin & Weiss, pp.89-91, 2009). Additionally, lower inventory and warehousing costs are also the advantages of suppliers. Other opportunities contain lesser advertising, selling and service costs, extended product and service offerings, enhanced cash flow through better inventory returns and accounts receivables, a more thorough anticipation about a buyer's purchasing needs, and immediate responsiveness to a buyer's needs (N, pp.28-29, 2004). Nevertheless, for each e-marketplace contributor, the benefits will differ according to the contributor’s position. As buyers go for e- procurement, suppliers may not have any other option rather than joining in. The majority of suppliers are also buyers; therefore, net result is an increased involvement in e-procurement. E-procurement offers benefits in many

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Why Did the Central Powers Lose WW1?

Why Did the Central Powers Lose WW1? On November 11th 1918 Germany signed and armistice to finally end the four year conflict of World War One. At the end of 1917 Germany was in a good position. Although the United States had entered the war, that had yet to have any impact on the western front. Russia, having just gone through a communist revolution, had lost the war and was willing to make peace at any price. By 1918 Germany had begun to break through allied lines and even came within striking distance of Paris but by the end of November in the same year Germany was looking for a stop to the fighting. Why was this? A few reasons could be the that the Schlieffen Plan had failed resulting in Germany fighting a war on two fronts for most of the war, the British naval blockade on Germany and the entry of the United States into the fray. The Schlieffen Plan was Germanys main offensive strategy during the outbreak of World War 1. The plan involved utilizing 91% of Germanys armed forces (also known as Kaiserreichsheer) to attack France. Fearing that the French forts on the border would slow down a German advance, Chief of Staff Alfred von Schlieffen suggested an attack through Belgium into the northern part of France for a quicker invasion. The rest of the German Army would then be set up in a defensive position on the eastern front in order to stop an improbable Russian advance. There are quite a few reasons why the Schlieffen Plan had failed though. Firstly, the Germans had underestimated the capabilities of the Belgian Army. While the Belgians had only 43,000 men, they had put up a strong fight that was even unanticipated by the Germans. Some tactics even flooding their own land or destroying their own infrastructure in order to slow down the German advance Secondly, the lack of communications between the German arm ies along with a failure to resupply efficiently weakened the troops. . This helped the Allies by giving the British more time to reinforce the French lines and when Germany finally had broken through Belgium into France, they were intercepted at the River Marne in France by the allied troops. Attempts to reinforce the German united battling the Allies also left a gap between them and the German 2nd force, allowing Allies to move up and split apart the two German forces. Fritz Fischer reffered to the Schlieffen Plan as a brash stroke so common to bombastic Wilhelmine Imperial Germany. (Fischer, 1979) But not all historians agreed on that the Schieffen plan was a complete failure. An American officer in the Army, creator of combat modeling software and military theorist Trevor N. Dupuy argued that the Schlieffen Plan was secret the of institutionalizing military excellence. (Dupuy, 1970) The United States joined the First World War on the 6th of April 1917; three years after the war had begun. This was due to the then American political view that being an isolationist country was the best way that American would grow and as a result took the view that the European conflict did not require any American intervention. In 1915 German U-boats were ordered to attack any ship that was headed towards Britain due to suspicions of ammunition being smuggled through passenger liners and Q-ships, these were merchant ships that had disguised heavy guns. The Q-ships were also one of the reasons that German submarines stopped warning the target that they were about to attack. This was brought to the attention of the American people when the Lusitania was torpedoed and sunk by U-20 on the 7th of May 1915. The Zimmerman note was probably one of the more direct reasons that the Americans decided to join the war. The content of this note is that if Mexico attacked America for the land t hey had claimed before, then Germany would support them with arms and supplies. This was a very big threat to America and as a result they thought it would be in their best interests to join the war. By 1917, both sides of the conflict were exhausted and demoralized. The United States were able to support the Allied front with a million fresh soldiers, this greatly improved Allied morale and demoralize the Germans and her allies further. In addition to this, more supplies were also being brought in by the United States and helped relive some of the burdens born by the allies. The British Blockade was one of the key factors in the defeat of Germany and her allies. Drafted by Winston Churchill, the then Secretary of the Royal Navy, it was intended to take Germany out by starving her out of the war. When the blockade was put into effect towards the end of 1914, Germanys imports had fallen by 55% of pre-war import levels. One of the more prominent imports that were cut off were nitrates, these were used to create explosives and fertilizer. The resulting shortage of the latter led to extreme shortages in foods and by 1916 many civilians were consuming ersatz products such as war bread (also known as Kriegsbrot) and powdered milk. These food shortages also caused riots and social unrest, not only in Germany but also for most of the Central powers as well in places like Vienna or Budapest. While the German government did make attempts to counter the effects of the British Blockade, they only limited success. The Hindenburg Programme is one such example. It was d esigned to increase productivity and provide cheap mass meals to the population but that average daily diet of 1,000 calories provided was not enough to maintain a good standard of health even for babies. This resulted in many malnutrition related disorders such as scurvy, dysentery and tuberculosis and by 1918 and estimated 434,000 people were dead due to malnutrition. In March, 1918 the Central Powers were sure to win the war. They had already beaten Russia and France and Britain were getting weak, they were losing the will to fight. For the first time German units were larger than the British and French combined. However eight months later, the Central Powers lost due to a failure in tactics, a new enemy entering towards the end of the war and being starved into submission by their enemies. The assumption of this topic is that when the Central Powers had lost World War 1 that the war had in fact ended. It could be said that World War 1 never ended. It may have taken a break but it had never truly ended until 1945, the year that signified the end of World War 2. Complications from the end of World War 1 would prove to be the advent of World War 2. World War One ended when Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles. This proved to be a humiliating defeat for the Germans. The size of Germany had been drastically reduced while those of France and Italy (a former German ally) grew. Germany was also forced to admit that they were to blame for the war and was made to compensate for damages. The military was also reduced to a minimal size but there were soldiers who would not stop fighting. They would eventually join and establishment of mercenaries called the Freikorps. The German commanders and generals also never had to admit to defeat. They merely told that if the German Peopl e had not been stabbed in the back (most likely referring to the newly formed Weimar Republic for accepting the terms) This theory became hugely popular with the German population that did not want to admit to defeat and generals that had signed the treaty were referred to as November Criminals. Adolph Hitler was obsessed with this idea and blamed the Marxists and Jews for this major blow to the people. Germany was seething with revenge and hate, just waiting for the right moment to strike back. In their minds, they were waiting for a chance to resume this conflict and get the justice that they deserved. Finishing in Leather: Strategies and Concepts Finishing in Leather: Strategies and Concepts Hassan Aly Hassan Introduction The word â€Å"finish† as a verb means bringing the task to an end or in another meaning is by completing the manufacture or decoration of (an article) by giving it an attractive surface appearance. (Dictionary). The same applies for leather when it reaches the final stage. The leather is now set to be modified and upgraded to give it more characteristics that meet with customer expectation. That’s why tanneries all around the world are putting more effort on the final stage in order to enhance and sell their leather. After tannage, all classes of leather, whether vegetable or chrome tanned have to be finished to make them suitable to the purpose for which they will be ultimately used. With the exception of sole leather, finishing may broadly be said to consist of (i) dyeing or colouring, (ii) treating the leather with grease for softening and water-proofing (technically called currying) and (iii) polishing or glazing. But the finish imparted to leather is peculiar to it, so that no two varieties are finished the same way Coming up with a finishing recipe high relays of different factors highly depending on what the customer wants. Giving an example when trying to achieve a shoe upper finish it differs from an upholstery finish. When finishing vegetable tanned leather it is neither dyed nor glazed. Its finishing is consisted in setting it out well to make it flat and smooth on the surface and pressing heavily to make it stiffer and water resistant. For chrome it differs it is run through more operation in order to achieve its final appearance starting with shaving in order to make the leather thin then neutralization taking place ending it up with stacking in order to make the leather softer then glazed to give it the glossy look and feel. What is the purpose of finishing? The purpose of finish is done in order to enhance certain qualities and characteristics for example protecting the leather upgrading the leather look and feel by providing a texture which is waxier and smother. Full grain leather can be addressed as the leather that does not go through the buffing stage and this is widely used when achieving furniture leather or automotive. Achieving a full grain can be expensive to most tanners. In order to achieve the natural grain of the leather it most not contain any marks or scratches, veins and putrefaction so it is very important on how to sort out your leather. The tanner should pick a good quality grade of crust leather in order to enable for finishing. Corrected grain leather is known as chrome tanned side leather which is buffed with emery paper on the grain enabling it to remove the defects of the leather and then applied to it a plastic resin and pigmented finish to he help being built up on the leather usually this type of grain is used in the footwear industry. Crust preparation Crust is mentioned as the dried leather after tannage. And as it’s widely known as chrome leather ends up drying quickly and that results in leather becoming stiffer and making it harder when rewetting, drying usually occurs after any normal retanning and fatliquoring. leather that is exported around the globe in usually in this state while still many prefer at wet-blue or pickled stage because this gives them more ability of the leather process. When crust preparation applied for full grain leather or corrected grain leather both operations are related except for some procedures for example in buffing. Leading a leather from a crust stage to finishing still undergoes several procedures and also depends on the tanners recipe before receiving the end use . Operations in common Staking: Staking is a mechanical operation for softening the leather, it is done through a staking machine machines which helps in expanding and opening up the fibers and thus leading to a softer skin. Some tanners do it manually by pulling the skins over a shaped knife but this usually takes more time compared to the staking machine. Conditioning: when the leather dries out after the retanning, dyeing and fatliquoring the fibers on the skin tends to stick together and thus making the leather more firm and harder. The fibers are then separated and the leather goes the staking operation enabling it to become softer. Adjusting the moisture content is very important so water is applied to the leather through water guns and that evens out the moisture content before entering the staking stage. Milling: During the milling stage, the crust leather is layed in the drum responsible for milling and is then rotated ate certain temperature degrees and humid conditions. The mechanical process helps the leather in opening up its fiber this results is the leather becoming more softer Buffing: The objective of buffing is removing all the marks on the grain surface of the leather by that it provides a more equal surface . it is done through sandpapering the leather with sand paper for many reasons for example to create a suede or a nubuck finish on the grain or to prepare its for a Chemicals used and finishing operation: Impregnation: it is a coat the purpose of it acts like a sealing coat and this helps in sealing the buffed fibers completely in order for the chemicals to not penetrate through the leather and this will form a more uniform surface. When the corrected grain leather gets buffed the absorbance raises in high rate and any of the chemicals put onto the leather will penetrate in a high rate without building up a film. Applying an impregnation coatis a must for a corrected grain or it will ruin the objective of finishing. Adhesion Coat : buffing does not apply to a full grain leather therefore this coat is used in allowing the resins to bind bind together in a an equal strong form and this leads to a more stable film and this is highly used in the casual shoe finish because it requires higher adhesion finish qualities. After the adhesion coat is applied the leather is not set to dry out during the drying is becomes more drier and stickier this means it is now ready for the base coat the usage of spraying guns is high recommended in the adhesion coating. Base Coat: the base coating is applied to help in covering up the leather. By using a mixture of acrylic resins and polyurethane. Acrylic resin gives the leather a more natural look and increases flexibility. As for the polyurethane resin it improves the physical qualities of the finishing film. A certain ratio that a film goes by to a non-film its either 1:2 or 1:3 as for the non-filming chemicals it includes a wide variety of waxes, auxillaries, oils and waxes. Base coating is usually done by spraying a couple of times and it can also be done by hand padding. Embossing: it is known as the printed pattern that is added to the leather. Embossing become popular to meet with the fashion industry, through embossing it creates a high yield in cutting because of its straightness and strength to hide the defects. During embossing high pressure is applied to ensure the print embossing acts better in higher temperatures . Top Coat: The objective of adding the top coat in order to enhance the touch quality and performance and helps in the protection when finishing. Top coat can be addressed as two coats nitrocellulose and polyurethane. A polyurethane based is selected as the preferred method because it gives the required results Plating: it is a mechanical procedure that helps in obtaining more smoothness and a glossy look. Plating can be applied several times it highly depends on the tanner Finishing Recipes: Casual Full grain upper footwear Safety shoe Corrected grain upper footwear Casual Full grain upper footwear Adhesion Coat : Polyurethane with fine particles that is applied to pre base coating the main purpose of it is for achieving higher adhesion it also help in the flexibility. Base Coat : RU 1 3- 5 4 1: classified as soft polyurethane that is added during the base coat to help in the embossing characteristics. It gives out softer leather outcome. P-P black : it is a pigment applied to the leather in order to give its color RA 1-2-4-6: Classified as hard acrylic resin which enables a better gloos and ensures better results in the rub fastness FI 5-0: Considered to be soft filler which gives a better plating and gives out a wax that helps giving the leather a more waxy feeling. BI 5-9-6: Soft binder which gives a nore flazing look on the leather. Also helps in giving a good plated which is considered to be helpful during the embossing stage Top Coat HM 51-7 6 0 A TYPE OF SILICONE HANDLING MODIFIER WHICH ENABLES GOOD SMOOTHNESS AND a silky like feel it also enhances resistance onto the leather LW 5 4 9 0 : they are water based lacquer which gives a kind of gloss onto the leather . Safety shoe Corrected grain upper footwear Impregnation Coat RI – 1 9 3 : Its is considered to be small particles of impregnation resin which helps in filling up the leather and it has high penetration ability it also helps in the grain break in tge leather and works on smoothening the surface BI 1 3 5 2 : Binder its type is medium hard which helps in the adhesion and improvement on the handling of the skin PT 6 5 91 : Active agents which work on helping the penetration of the finishing chemicals on the the grain layer of the skin this is usually used along a penetrartor to help the chemical penetrate faster RB 2 3 3 0: Its gives the leather a more rubbery feeling and helps in the pating process and filling up the skin RM 4 4 1 0 : a non ionic agent Base Coat RU 3 9 6 9 : A polyurethane that helps in the adhesion and the flexibility of the skin FI 5 0 : It helps in embarking a good plating gives a waxy feeling Top Coat FI 1 2 0 8 : SOFT FILLERS WHICH HELPS IN GIVING A SOFTER TOUCH AND HELPS IN PLATING WT 2 5 2 4 : PolYurethanes which helps in giving more elastic and flexibility HM 2 2 6 7 7: gives the leather a silky feeling XR 5 9 2 3: CROSS LINKER WHICH HELPS IN ENHANCING THE LEATHER DURABILITY AND PROVIDES A BETTER FINISHING ADHESION Comparison in order to achieve a full grain leather the sorting of the leather many scares and defects on the skin will lower the end product of the finishing for the corrected grain leather its easier because the buffing will hide many of the scars and defects n the skin .when it comes to embossing full grain leather it depends it may be required and it may not be depending on the grain of the leather as for the corrected grain in order to give a better grain surface. When it comes to performance full grain leather will achieve higher performances than the corrected grain Conclusion All in all both are different than each other when its comes to physicality properties to achieve good results selection of crust must be made for full grain as for the corrected grain it does not require